Preliminary experiments on proposals for the spread of droplets due to tooth brushing in schools / 대한구강보건학회지

Objectives@#Coronavirus (COVID-19) has recently emerged as a major public health problem around the world. There is a high demand for health promotion programs that allow schools and local children’s centers to brush their teeth and wash their hands compared to others after lunch; and furthermore, the demand for schools with brushing facilities is twice that of schools without brushing facilities. However, students are returning home without brushing their teeth after lunch at kindergartens and schools, where face-to-face classes are conducted. This situation can be further understood by examining the education office’s official letter that considers the risk of “droplet infection” at kindergartens and schools. Thus, this pilot study is interested in identifying the relationship between brushing teeth and the spread of droplets, and proposing proper brushing guidelines for students in schools. @*Methods@#The droplet diffusion test was conducted in three ways: during conversation, when brushing teeth, and when brushing teeth with the mouth closed. A Mie Scattering technique using a continuous wave (CW) laser was performed to observe and compare the distribution of droplets ejected from the oral cavity in this experiment. @*Results@#As a result, it was confirmed that the droplets that spread, while brushing the lingual surface of the maxillary anterior region, were significantly reduced when brushing the teeth with the mouth closed. @*Conclusions@#Based on the results of this study, personal hygiene education such as the school group tooth brushing project and hand washing should be continuously conducted and monitored by installing transparent partitions, and the tooth brushing technique to prevent the spread of droplets in schools.

Preliminary experiments on proposals for the spread of droplets due to tooth brushing in schools / 대한구강보건학회지

Objectives@#Coronavirus (COVID-19) has recently emerged as a major public health problem around the world. There is a high demand for health promotion programs that allow schools and local children’s centers to brush their teeth and wash their hands compared to others after lunch; and furthermore, the demand for schools with brushing facilities is twice that of schools without brushing facilities. However, students are returning home without brushing their teeth after lunch at kindergartens and schools, where face-to-face classes are conducted. This situation can be further understood by examining the education office’s official letter that considers the risk of “droplet infection” at kindergartens and schools. Thus, this pilot study is interested in identifying the relationship between brushing teeth and the spread of droplets, and proposing proper brushing guidelines for students in schools. @*Methods@#The droplet diffusion test was conducted in three ways: during conversation, when brushing teeth, and when brushing teeth with the mouth closed. A Mie Scattering technique using a continuous wave (CW) laser was performed to observe and compare the distribution of droplets ejected from the oral cavity in this experiment. @*Results@#As a result, it was confirmed that the droplets that spread, while brushing the lingual surface of the maxillary anterior region, were significantly reduced when brushing the teeth with the mouth closed. @*Conclusions@#Based on the results of this study, personal hygiene education such as the school group tooth brushing project and hand washing should be continuously conducted and monitored by installing transparent partitions, and the tooth brushing technique to prevent the spread of droplets in schools.

The financial estimation of fluoride application coverage for children and adolescents / 대한구강보건학회지

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to estimate the financial budget of fluoride application in the National Health Insurance.METHODS: The amount of fluoride application was calculated by using the sealant rate (utilization rate 1), dental examination rate (utilization rate 2), and the average rate of these two (utilization rate 3) in children and adolescents. For the next five years, 100% of the existing fees were applied to estimate the financial budget.RESULTS: The total budget for children and adolescents was estimated to be 22.0 billion won minimum and 83.5 billion won maximum in the first year, and 104.8 billion won minimum and 398.5 billion won maximum up to the next five years. Moreover, in high risk groups, the total budget was estimated to be 4.2 billion won minimum and 16.1 billion won maximum in the first year, and 18.6 billion won minimum and 70.8 billion won maximum up to the next five years.CONCLUSIONS: The financial budget of fluoride application coverage for children and adolescents was similar or lower than that of the current dental sealants. It needs to implement promptly with the reason of financial saving over the long-term point of view. Based on this evidence, it is affordable and necessary to begin to promote oral health for children and adolescents.

Financial estimate of light-curing composite resin treatment after National Health Insurance Service coverage / 대한구강보건학회지

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to estimate the financial budget of light-curing composite resin fillings based on the expanded coverage of the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS), called “Moon Care.” METHODS: The estimated population with dental caries and the amount of light-curing composite resins used were determined. The fees for the resin fillings per tooth were considered for the calculations. The expected budget for the next five years for children and adolescents aged 5–12 and 5–19 years were calculated. RESULTS: During the first year of the coverage, the budget for children and adolescents aged <19 years was estimated to be 201.8 billion South Korean won (5–9 years, 17.9 billion South Korean won; 10–14 years, 76.6 billion South Korean won; and 15–19 years, 107.3 billion South Korean won). The total budget for the next five years for children and adolescents aged <19 years was estimated at 946.4 billion South Korean won. Likewise, the budget for children aged <12 years during the first year of the coverage was estimated at 63.9 billion South Korean won (5–9 years, 17.9 billion South Korean won and 10–12 years, 46 billion South Korean won), and the total budget for the next five years was estimated at 315.9 billion South Korean won. CONCLUSIONS: Government healthcare plans should be established based on treatment needs and financial estimations. All the items in the NHIS, including the light-curing composite resin filling, should be considered based on their contribution to oral health promotion. Furthermore, in the long term, the coverage for preventive health services should be included in the health insurance.

The direction of oral health in the aging society / 대한구강보건학회지

No abstract available.

Compliance with research ethics in daily settings / 대한구강보건학회지

No abstract available.

A crisis faced by the Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health / 대한구강보건학회지

No abstract available.

Better oral health with local community / 대한구강보건학회지

No abstract available.

Utility of reverse shock index as a trauma triage tool among adult patients: concurrent use of Korean Triage and Acuity Scale

OBJECTIVE: The shock index (SI), as a trauma triage tool, is a capable clinical indicator of hemodynamic instability and hypovolemic shock, but the conception of SI is contradictory to shock. The reverse shock index (RSI) was introduced recently, but its utility has not been sufficiently proven. METHODS: This study examined the RSI utility by evaluating the procedures performed at an emergency department (ED) and the associated outcomes when the RSI is used alone or in combination with the Korean Triage and Acuity Scale (KTAS). This was a retrospective study conducted by including data of 4,789 adult trauma patients for a year. The clinical variables, procedures performed on patients, and outcomes were investigated. The median RSI was 0.9 in the RSI < 1 group. RESULTS: Patients in the RSI < 1 group had a higher odds of requiring procedures at the ED and for experiencing worse outcomes: intubation (odds ratio [OR], 5.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.3–13.1; P < 0.001), chest tube insertion (OR, 6.5; 95% CI, 0.4–111.84; P < 0.001), use of emergency drugs (OR, 3.6; 95% CI, 1.5–8.5; P < 0.001), circulatory support (OR, 5.4; 95% CI, 2.3–12.9; P < 0.001), intensive care unit admission (OR, 3.5; 95% CI, 1.8–6.8; P < 0.001), and mortality during the ED stay (OR, 20.4; 95% CI, 5.5–75.7; P < 0.001). In the group with KTAS 1–3, trends similar to those in the RSI < 1 group were observed. Patients with RSI < 1 had more severe injuries and poorer outcomes than those with RSI≥1, regardless of whether the RSI was used alone or in combination with KTAS. CONCLUSION: RSI can provide an appropriate triage with concurrent KTAS use.

Oral health and the war crisis / 대한구강보건학회지

No abstract available.

A study on the ecosystem of welfare technology using social economy: a case study of dental clinics in health welfare social cooperative / 대한구강보건학회지

OBJECTIVES: In this study, we strived to determine the possibility of socioeconomic welfare in oral healthcare by analyzing the National Health Insurance (NHI) coverage rate. To date, efforts to realize the “social economy” of healthcare are active. While oral disease is common and chronic among Koreans, the rate of NHI coverage of dental clinics is substantially lower than that of the medical clinics. METHODS: We defined the NHI coverage of dental clinics as a proxy for “social skills” to improve oral health problems. The data were collected through a comparative analysis of the NHI coverage of dental clinics and that of non-dental clinics, in health welfare social cooperatives. RESULTS: The NHI coverage rate of the dental clinics in health welfare social cooperatives ranged from 0.97 to 2.62 times that of the non-dental clinics in health welfare social cooperatives. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, responsible management is recommended for making health welfare social cooperatives meaningful as a social economy.

Effectiveness of a baking soda dentifrice on gingivitis and tooth surface / 대한구강보건학회지

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of sodium bicarbonate dentifrices in reducing gingivitis and tooth abrasiveness and improving tooth gloss, as compared to a conventional fluoride/silica-containing dentifrice. METHODS: In this double-blinded, randomized clinical study with a paralleled design, 73 healthy adult volunteers (age, 18-39 years), with more than 20 teeth were selected and randomly allocated to the following groups: a control group, a 35% baking soda group, and a 65% baking soda group. Professional plaque controls were provided to all subjects and the same control dentifrice was used for 14 days. At baseline, all subjects received an assigned dentifrice and were instructed to brush three times daily. The tooth gloss and gingival bleeding index were measured at baseline, 45, and 90 days. For measuring surface roughness, toothbrushes were replaced with electronic tooth-brushing machines, and the bovine specimen was brushed via 10,000 horizontal shuttle movements. The surface roughness was measured by a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM; Carl Zeiss, LSM-5 Pascal, Germany) Each variable was analyzed by the paired t-test, and change in each variable among groups was analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA). Reliability of the gloss was analyzed by an intra-class correlation coefficient. RESULTS: Compared to the controls, the 65% sodium bicarbonate dentifrice group showed significant improvement with regard to the tooth gloss for 90 days as well as a significant inhibitory effect on gingivitis; the 35% sodium bicarbonate dentifrice group, however, showed no inhibitory effect on gingivitis. The relative roughness of the tooth surface in the dentifrices of both the sodium bicarbonate dentifrice groups was significantly low. Further, there was no significant difference with the distilled water group. CONCLUSIONS: The sodium bicarbonate dentifrice has an inhibitory effect on gingivitis. Further, this dentifrice showed low abrasiveness and a glossing effect on teeth.

Cost-benefit analysis of a water fluoridation program for 11 years in Jinju, Korea / 대한구강보건학회지

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to estimate the economic costs and benefits of a water fluoridation program in the city of Jinju, Korea. METHODS: In 2009, dental surveys were conducted on 2,315 children aged 6-12 years in Jinju, which had been fluoridated for 11 years. The decayed/missing/filled teeth (DMFT) scores of children in Jinju were compared to the DMFT scores of same-aged children in non-fluoridated small- and medium-sized cities in the fourth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted from 2007 to 2009 by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The reduced number of decayed permanent teeth by the water fluoridation program was estimated as the difference between the DMFT scores of children in Jinju and those in non-fluoridated small- and medium-sized cities. The economic benefits were estimated by the savings from reduced dental treatment costs by using the reduced number of decayed permanent teeth from the water fluoridation program. All annual costs and benefits were calculated from 1998 to 2009. The social rate and untreated rate of decayed teeth were applied as 3% and 20%, respectively. The annual benefit-cost ratio was estimated by using the annual benefits and cumulative program costs. RESULTS: The economic benefit in 2009 from a water fluoridation program was estimated as 57,496,000,000 Korean Won (KRW), and the cumulative cost in 2009 was estimated as 1,387,000,000 KRW. The net present value in 2009 from a water fluoridation program was 56,109,000,000 KRW. The benefit-cost ratio in 2009 was estimated as 41.4. CONCLUSIONS: The economic benefit of a water fluoridation program in Jinju city was evaluated as excellent.

Acute Upper Limb Ischemia Suspected to Have Originated from Staphylococcus Epidermidis Native Valve Endocarditis / 대한내과학회지

We report a case of acute upper limb ischemia suspected to have originated from methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis native valve endocarditis in a 57-year-old man who had complained of sudden-onset fever and pain in the right hand. 3D computed tomography of the right upper extremity detected a thrombus occluding the brachial artery. Echocardiography showed a large vegetation on the aortic valve. Thus, we suspected, clinically, brachial artery occlusion by septic emboli originating from a large vegetation of the aortic valve. The patient was treated with intravenous antibiotics for the suspected methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis-native valve endocarditis with a combination of percutaneous aspiration thromboembolectomy and selective intra-arterial thrombolysis for acute thromboembolic occlusion in the right upper limb. The large vegetation of the aortic valve resolved without surgery and aortic regurgitation improved. The patient recovered uneventfully with no complications, including septic embolism, over the following 11 months.

Oral health status among some disabled person in Jinju / 대한구강보건학회지

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the oral health status among some disabled persons in Jinju. METHODS: Two dentists taken calibration training from the national oral health survey examined the oral health status on 200 disabled persons in Jinju, in June 2008. The surveyed disabled persons aged 6 to 29 years have been supplied with oral health care services by dentists and oral hygienists of dental clinics established at their schools supported from Jinju Public Health Center since 2006. The data obtained from this survey were analyzed with SPSS statistical package and were compared with the data from other oral health reports on disabled persons examined in 2010 Korean Oral Health Survey by Ministry of Health and Social Welfare. RESULTS: Among the disabled persons in Jinju, DMF rate was 65.00%; DMFT index, 3.10; DT rate, 39.61%; MT rate, 8.94%; and FT rate, 51.45%. DMFT indexes and DT rates of the disabled persons in Jinju were evaluated to be higher than those of the disabled persons from 2010 Korean National Oral Health Survey. CONCLUSIONS: Oral health programs should be strengthened for the prevention and treatments of dental caries for disabled persons.

Caries preventive effect of permanent teeth using pit and fissure sealant program and community water fluoridation program / 대한구강보건학회지

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the caries preventive effects of oral health programs composed of pit and fissure sealant and community water fluoridation in Hapcheon-Up, Hapcheon-Gun, the Republic of Korea. METHODS: Dental surveys were conducted on 6 to 14 year old children at Hapcheon-Up, Hapcheon-Gun in 2000 and 2009, respectively. The number of the subjects was 1,957 and 1,535 children in 2000 and 2009, respectively. The percentage of samples among total population aged 6 to 14 years in 2000 and 2009 was 90.6% and 92.3%, respectively. The obtained data from these surveys were analyzed with the PASW statistical package version 18.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). The 2009 dental health data including the prevalence of dental caries and fissure sealants on children's permanent teeth was compared to the 2000 dental health data, and assessed using chi-square test and independent-sample t-test. RESULTS: DMF rate of 12-year olds was 76.9% in 2000, and it significantly decreased to 42.5% in 2009. DMFT index of 12-year olds was 3.03 in 2000, and it significantly decreased to 1.07 in 2009. The prevalence rate of sealed permanent teeth among the 12-year olds was 15.4% in 2000, and it significantly increased to 97.2% in 2009. The caries reduction rate from pit and fissure sealant added by community water fluoridation program was calculated as 44.7% in 12-year olds by the difference of DMFT index between 2000 and 2009 year. Logistic regression analysis revealed that both programs were associated with an increasing likelihood of experiencing no dental caries (OR=4.00, 95% CI; 3.23-4.95). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the oral health program composed of pit and fissure sealant and community water fluoridation in Hapcheon was very effective in caries prevention. The program should be expanded to other area to prevent dental caries among children.

Salivary Bisphenol-A Levels due to Dental Sealant/Resin: A Case-Control Study in Korean Children

Dental sealants and composite filling materials containing bisphenol-A (BPA) derivatives are increasingly used in children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between salivary BPA and the number of tooth surfaces filled with dental sealant, and to determine a cutoff BPA level. Salivary BPA concentration and the number of tooth surfaces filled with dental sealant/resin were determined in 124 age and gender matched children: 62 controls had no dental sealant/resin on their tooth surfaces and 62 cases had more than 4 tooth surfaces with dental sealant/resin. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and conditional logistic regression were performed after controlling for age, gender, salivary flow rate, salivary buffer capacity, frequency of snacking, and frequency of tooth brushing. Salivary BPA levels were 0.002 to 8.305 microg/L. The BPA level of control (0.40 microg/L) was significantly lower than that of case (0.92 microg/L) after controlling for confounders (P = 0.026). Although the 90th BPA percentile had an adjusted OR of 4.58 (95% CI 1.04-20.26, P = 0.045), the significance disappeared in the conditional logistic model. There may be a relationship between salivary BPA level and dental sealant/resin.

Factors related to the consumption of illegal dental treatments in Korean adults / 대한구강보건학회지

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to analyze the factors that are related to the illegal dental treatment experience (IDTX), among the Korean adults. METHODS: The raw data for the analysis of IDTX, among the Korean adults, which were aged 17 years and over, were obtained from the dataset of the Korean National Oral Health Survey (KNOHS), which was conducted in 2006. Stratified weighted total 11,808 samples were selected by region and clustered sampling methods. The data of weighted total 11,808 samples were analyzed, using a chi-square test and a logistic regression analysis, by demographic socioeconomic variables of age, gender, area, educational level, occupation, national health insurance, and monthly income. RESULTS: IDTX rate was under 10%, among the adults aged 35~44 years or below the age group. However, it increased to 18.9%, among the adults aged 45~54 years and overtook over 30% among the adults 55 years and over. The age group of high IDTX rate was coincided to the age group of high number of lost teeth. Most of IDTX were presumed to prosthetic treatments. In IDTX rate of samples, aged 45 years and over, odds ratio of females' was 1.3, compared to that of the males'; odds ratio of metropolitan area, 1.2 compared to rural area. IDTX rate was higher among the middle school or below educational level group compared to that of college or over educational level group. IDTX rate of medicaid or not joined to national health insurance group was 31.3%, higher than that of national health insurance group. IDTX rates of low monthly income group, less than 4 million KRW were higher than monthly income group of 4 million KRW or more. CONCLUSIONS: To supply the prosthetic treatments for the population of medicaid and national health insurance is needed to remove illegal dental treatments in Korea.

Risk factors for dental caries incidence in children's permanent teeth: four-year follow-up study / 대한구강보건학회지

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to analyze the related factors to dental caries incidence and increments of DMFT index in children's permanent teeth. METHODS: The subjects were 249 elementary school children at the baseline survey. At the four-year follow-up survey, number of subjects reduced to 141. In the first year, all subjects submitted the responses of questionnaire composed of demographic variables and oral health behaviors. They also received oral examination and tests of salivary excretion rate, salivary buffer capacity, Dentocult(R) SM and Dentocult(R) LB. In the first to fourth follow-up year, they received oral examinations. The relation of oral health-related factors with caries incidence and increments of DMFT and DMFS index was analyzed by chi-square test, ANOVA, logistic regression analysis and generalized linear model analysis using Poisson distribution. RESULTS: At four-year follow-up survey, subjects whose Dentocult(R) SM was 2 or higher compared to subjects whose Dentocult(R) SM was 1 or less and subjects whose Dentocult(R) LB was 2 or higher compared to subjects whose Dentocult(R) LB was 1 or less had higher DMFT index increments. In DMFT index increments, the adjusted odds ratio of subjects whose dfs index of primary molars was 11 and more was 4.30 compared to subjects whose dfs index of primary molars was 0 adjusted for gender, daily frequency of toothbrushing and eating between meal, mother's job, oral health education, salivary excretion, salivary buffer capacity and Dentocult(R) SM test. CONCLUSIONS: It was suggested that the caries incidence and increments of DMFT index in permanent teeth should be highly associated with salivary lactobacillus count and dfs index of primary molars.

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the oral and maxillofacial region: a report of three cases / 대한구강악안면방사선학회지

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) is a pleomorphic soft tissue sarcoma. Three cases of MFH were reported in our study. The first case involved in the right infratemporal fossa of a 32-year-old female was presented. MR imaging revealed a 5.0x3.3 cm soft tissue mass of inhomogeneous high signal intensity. The second case was found in the right hard palate of a 66-year-old male. CT demonstrated bone destruction and MR imaging showed a 4x4 cm sized soft tissue mass of heterogeneous high signal intensity. The final case was found in the left masticator space of a 37-year-old male. The CT image showed a large mass with massive bone destruction of the left mandibular ramus, while the MRI displayed a soft tissue mass, 8 cm diameter. Our cases exhibited the general features of MFH. MRI is essential in the imaging of MFH, namely to depict tumor borders and demonstrate relationships with adjacent structures.